Liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display device using the same

ABSTRACT

An object of the present invention is to provide a composition that realizes high Δn, has a wide liquid crystal phase temperature range, small viscosity, excellent low-temperature solubility, and high resistivity and voltage holding ratio, and is stable against heat and light, and to provide a liquid crystal composition having an excellent lens effect and excellent chemical stability using the composition, and a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal lens that use the liquid crystal composition. The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition that contains one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (i) and one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (ii), a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal lens using the liquid crystal composition, and a birefringence lens for stereoscopic image display using the liquid crystal composition.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈) useful as organic electronic materials and medical and agricultural chemicals, in particular, liquid crystal materials for electrooptic liquid crystal displays and liquid crystal materials for liquid crystal lenses, and to a liquid crystal display device using the composition.

BACKGROUND ART

In recent years, display devices that realize stereo display are gathering much attention. Stereo display involves displaying a left-eye image and a right-eye image that have parallax with respect to each other (have different perspectives), and a viewer viewing the images with his/her right and left eyes can recognize a 3D image with a depth. Also developed are display devices capable of presenting more natural 3D images to viewers by providing three or more images with parallax.

Such display devices are roughly categorized into those that require special eyeglasses and those that do not; however, viewers find special eyeglasses bothersome, and display devices that do not require special eyeglasses are desirable. Examples of the display devices that do not require special eyeglasses include parallax barrier-type and lenticular lens-type devices. According to these types of displays, two or more images (perspective images) that have parallax with respect to one another are displayed simultaneously so that the image a viewer sees differs depending on the relative positional relationship (angle) between the display device and the viewer's perspective. For example, a parallax barrier-type display device that uses a liquid crystal element as a barrier has been disclosed.

Typically, these devices are placed between a liquid crystal display device that displays images and a viewer viewing the images so that switching between 2D display and 3D display is conducted by turning the liquid crystal element ON and OFF.

Since the liquid crystal display device for display switching is placed between a liquid crystal display device for display and a viewer, the liquid crystal display device for display switching needs to be thin and is required to have a high birefringence (Δn). Moreover, a liquid crystal display device for display switching is bonded to a liquid crystal display device for display with a polymer material; however, the bonding step is carried out by applying UV to the liquid crystal display device for display switching, a polymerizable composition, and the liquid crystal display device for display from the side of the liquid crystal display device for display switching. Thus, the liquid crystal composition used in the liquid crystal display device for display switching must have strong resistance to UV irradiation.

However, first of all, it is difficult to adjust Δn to a desired value; furthermore, it has been extremely difficult to develop a liquid crystal composition that has strong resistance to UV irradiation in addition to the required Δn and practicable values for other physical properties such as viscosity.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

[PTL 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2015-84077

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device in which occurrence of display defects is suppressed.

Solution to Problem

To achieve the object described above, the inventors of the present application have conducted various investigations, and have found an effective solution and made the present invention.

The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that includes a first panel including a liquid crystal layer and a color filter, a second panel including a liquid crystal layer, and a polymer disposed between the first and second panels.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

A liquid crystal display device provided by the present invention has excellent display properties. Thus, it is very useful as a liquid crystal display device that can switch between 2D and 3D.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

A first panel that includes a liquid crystal layer and a color filter is a panel that displays an image for 2D when the liquid crystal display device performs 2D display and that displays a right-eye image and a left-eye image when the liquid crystal display device performs 3D display. The first panel has a pair of substrates, at least one of the substrates has an electrode, a liquid crystal layer is interposed between the substrates, and a color filter is provided. The first panel may further have a liquid crystal alignment film and various optical filters and polarizing films.

The second panel is a panel that allows the 2D display displayed in the first panel to pass through when the liquid crystal display device performs 2D display and that separates the right-eye image and the left-eye image displayed in the first panel from each other when the liquid crystal display device performs 3D display. The second panel has a pair of substrates, at least one of the substrates has an electrode, and a liquid crystal layer is interposed between the substrates. The second panel may further have a liquid crystal alignment film and various optical filters and polarizing films.

The polymer disposed between the first and second panels is provided to bond the first panel and the second panel to each other, and is preferably transparent or close to transparent.

A polymerizable composition is applied to one or both of the first panel and the second panel, and an energy ray is applied to polymerize the polymerizable composition and bond the first panel and the second panel to each other.

The energy ray is preferably UV light.

The energy ray is applied to the first panel and the second panel stacked on top of each other and the polymerizable composition interposed between the panels; however, since the first panel has a color filter, irradiation of the polymerizable composition with a sufficient energy intensity cannot be conducted when the energy ray is applied from the first panel side, and the energy ray is preferably applied from the second panel side. The energy ray that has passed through the second panel causes the polymerizable composition to cure and bond the first panel and the second panel together. Therefore, the second panel is required to withstand exposure to the energy ray; in particular, the liquid crystal layer is required to have resistance against the energy ray.

The polymer may be any polymer that can be cured by irradiation with the energy ray, that bonds the first panel and the second panel together, and that does not obstruct the display in the first panel; and the polymer is preferably an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, or the like.

The liquid crystal layer of the second panel preferably contains one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (i):

(In the formula, R^(i1) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and one —CH₂— or two or more non-adjacent —CH₂— in the alkyl group may each independently be substituted with —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—, R^(i2) represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a fluoromethoxy group, a difluoromethoxy group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and one —CH₂— or two or more non-adjacent —CH₂— in the alkyl group may be each independently substituted with —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—,

n^(i1) and n^(i2) each independently represent 0, 1, 2, or 3, and n^(i1)+n^(i2) is 0, 1, 2, or 3,

A^(i1) and A^(i2) each independently represent a group selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (one —CH₂— or two or more non-adjacent —CH₂— present in this group may each be substituted with —O— or —S—) and (b) a 1,4-phenylene group (one —CH═ or two or more non-adjacent —CH═ present in this group may each be substituted with —N═) where hydrogen atoms on the group (a) and the group (b) may each independently be substituted with a cyano group, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom, Z^(i1) and Z^(i2) each independently represent a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —COO—, or —OCO—,

when n^(i1) represents 2, 3, or 4 and there are a plurality of A, they may be the same or different; when n^(i1) represents 2, 3, or 4 and there are a plurality of Z^(i1), they may be the same or different; when n^(i2) represents 2, 3, or 4 and there are a plurality of A^(i2), they may be the same or different; and when n^(i2) represents 2, 3, or 4 and there are a plurality of Z^(i2), they may be the same or different, and

X^(i1) to X^(i8) each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, or a fluorine atom.)

In general formula (i), R^(i1) preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and more preferably represents an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms.

When reliability is important, R^(i1) preferably represents an alkyl group; and when decreasing the viscosity is important, R^(i1) preferably represents an alkenyl group.

When the ring structure that R^(i1) bonds with is a phenyl group (aromatic), a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 4 or 5 carbon atoms are preferable. When the ring structure is a saturated ring structure, such as cyclohexane, pyran, or dioxane, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms are preferable. In order to stabilize the nematic phase, the total number of carbon atoms and, if any, oxygen atoms is preferably 5 or less, and a linear structure is preferred.

The alkenyl group is preferably selected from the groups represented by formula (R1) to formula (R5). (In each formula, a dot represent a carbon atom in the ring structure.)

When the compound represented by general formula (i) is a p-type compound having a positive Δ∈, R^(i2) preferably represents a fluorine atom, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a trifluoromethoxy group, and preferably represents a fluorine atom or a cyano group.

When the compound represented by general formula (i) is a nonpolar compound having a substantially zero Δ∈, R^(i2) is the same as R^(i1) but R^(i2) and R^(i1) may be the same or different.

n^(i1) and n^(i2) each independently represent 0, 1, or 2; and n^(i1)+n^(i2) is preferably 0, 1, or 2, is preferably 0 or 1 when the solubility is important and is preferably 1 or 2 when improving Δn is important.

When increasing Δn is desirable, A^(i1) and A^(i2) are each independently preferably aromatic. In order to improve the response speed, A^(i1) and A^(i2) are preferably aliphatic. A^(i1) and A^(i2) preferably each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group, a 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group, a 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene group, a piperidine-1,4-diyl group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, a decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, or a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, and more preferably represent the following structure:

A 1,4-phenylene group having one or two or more hydrogen atoms each substituted with a fluorine atom is preferable.

Z^(i1) and Z^(i2) each independently represent a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —COO—, or —OCO—, preferably represent a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—, —OCH₂—, —CF₂O—, or —COO—, and preferably represents a single bond.

Regarding X^(i1) to X^(i8), when the compound represented by general formula (i) is a p-type compound having a positive Δ∈, one or more of X^(i2), X^(i4), X^(i5), and X^(i7) preferably represents a fluorine atom and two or more of them preferably each represent a fluorine atom. X^(i2) and X^(i7) preferably both represent a fluorine atom, and X^(i4) and X^(i5) preferably both represent a fluorine atom.

When the compound represented by general formula (i) is a nonpolar compound having a substantially zero Δ∈, X^(i1) to X^(i8) preferably all represent a hydrogen atom or preferably all represent a hydrogen atom except for one representing a fluorine atom.

When the content of the compound represented by general formula (i) is small in the liquid crystal composition of the present invention, the effect thereof is not exhibited; thus, the lower limit of the content in the composition is 1% by mass (hereinafter, % in the composition is % by mass), preferably 2%, preferably 5%, preferably 7%, preferably 9%, preferably 10%, preferably 12%, preferably 15%, preferably 17%, and preferably 20%. Since an excessively large content causes problems such as precipitation, the upper limit is preferably 50%, preferably 40%, preferably 30%, preferably 25%, preferably 20%, preferably 18%, preferably 15%, preferably 13%, and preferably 10%.

Furthermore, the compound represented by general formula (i) is preferably a compound represented by general formula (i-1).

(In the formula, R^(i1), R^(i2), n^(i1), A^(i1), A^(i2), Z^(i1), Z^(i2), and X^(i1) to X^(i8) are the same as R^(i1), R^(i2), n^(i1), A^(i1), A^(i2), Z^(i1), Z^(i2), and X^(i1) to X^(i8) in general formula (i), X^(i9) to X^(i12) are each independently the same as X^(i1) in general formula (i), and n^(i3) represents 0, 1, 2, or 3, and n^(i1)+n^(i3) is 0, 1, or 2.)

R^(i1), R^(i2), n^(i1), A^(i1), A^(i2), Z^(i1), Z^(i2), and X^(i1) to X^(i8) in general formula (i-1) are the same as R^(i1), R^(i2), n^(i1), A^(i1), A^(i2), Z^(i1), Z^(i2), and X^(i1) to X^(i8) in general formula (i).

n^(i3) preferably represents 0 or 1, and n^(i1)+n^(i3) is preferably 0 or 1.

Regarding X^(i1) to X^(i12), when the compound represented by general formula (i) is a p-type compound having a positive Δ∈, one or more of X^(i2), X^(i4), X^(i5), X^(i7), X^(i10), and X^(i11) preferably represent a fluorine atom and two or more of them preferably each represent a fluorine atom. X^(i2) and X^(i7), X^(i4) and X^(i5), and X^(i10) and X^(i11) preferably all represent a fluorine atom.

When the compound represented by general formula (i) is a nonpolar compound having a substantially zero Δ∈, X^(i1) to X^(i12) preferably all represent a hydrogen atom or preferably all represent a hydrogen atom except for one representing a fluorine atom.

One or a combination of two or more compounds represented by formula (i) may be used as the compound represented by formula (i).

Compounds represented by general formula (ia-1) to general formula (ig-1) below are preferable as the compound represented by general formula (i).

Furthermore, compounds represented by general formulae (ic-1), (ic-2), (id-1), (id-2), (id-3), (id-4), (id-5), (if-1), (if-2), (if-3), and (if-4) are preferable.

In order to adjust the physical property values of the liquid crystal composition, compounds having no liquid crystal phase may be added as needed in addition to the compounds having a liquid crystal phase.

Preferable representative examples of the compounds that can be used and mixed with the compound represented by general formula (i) to be contained in the composition provided by the present invention are compounds represented by general formulae (A1) to (A3), (B1) to (B3), and (C1) to (C3). At least one of these compounds is preferably contained.

The compounds represented by general formulae (A1) to (A3) are fluorine-based (halogen-based) p-type compounds.

In the formulae described above, R^(b) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, may be linear or have a methyl or ethyl branch, and may have a three- to six-membered ring structure; any —CH₂— present in the group may be substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, or —C≡C—; and any hydrogen atom present in the group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group. However, R^(b) preferably represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear 1-alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear 3-alkenyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms with a terminal substituted with an alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. When an asymmetric carbon is generated by branching, the compound may be optically active or racemic.

The ring A, the ring B, and the ring C each independently represent a trans-1, 4-cyclohexylene group, a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, or a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, but preferably each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, or a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms. In particular, when the ring B represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, the ring A preferably represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; and when the ring C represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, the ring B and the ring A preferably represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group. In (A3), the ring A is preferably a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group.

L^(a), L^(b), and L^(c) are linking groups and each independently represent a single bond, an ethylene group (—CH₂CH₂—), a 1,2-propylene group (—CH(CH₃)CH₂— and —CH₂CH(CH)—), a 1,4-butylene group, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, or —CH═NN═CH—, preferably each independently represent a single bond, an ethylene group, a 1,4-butylene group, —COO—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —CF═CF—, or —C≡C—, and more preferably each independently represent a single bond or an ethylene group. In (A2), at least one of these linking groups preferably represents a single bond, and in (A3), at least two of these linking groups preferably represent a single bond.

The ring Z is an aromatic ring and can be represented by general formulae (La) to (Lc) below:

In the formulae, Y^(a) to Y^(j) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; however, in (La), at least one of Y^(a) and Y^(b) preferably represents a fluorine atom, and, in (Lb), at least one of Y^(d) to Y^(f) preferably represents a fluorine atom, and in particular, Y^(d) preferably represents a fluorine atom.

The terminal group P^(a) represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethoxy group, a difluoromethoxy group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a difluoromethyl group, or an alkoxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, or alkenyloxy group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms and substituted with two or more fluorine atoms, but particularly preferably represents a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethoxy group, or a difluoromethoxy group, and more preferably represents a fluorine atom.

When compounds represented by general formulae (A1) to (A3) are used in combination, the same alternatives (such as the ring A, L^(a), etc.) in different molecules may represent the same substituent or different substituents.

Furthermore, in general formulae (A1) to (A3), general formulae (i) and (ii) of the present invention are excluded.

The lower limit of the preferable contents of the compounds represented by general formula (A1) to (A3) relative to the total of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, or 30%. The upper limit of the preferable contents is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

When the viscosity of the composition of the present invention needs to be maintained low and when a composition having high response speed is necessary, the lower limit is preferably relatively high and the upper limit is preferably relatively high. When Tni of the composition of the present invention needs to be maintained high and when a composition less prone to image-sticking is necessary, the lower limit is preferably relatively low and the upper limit is preferably relatively low. When it is desirable to increase the dielectric anisotropy to maintain the drive voltage low, the lower limit is preferably relatively high and the upper limit is preferably relatively high.

More preferable embodiments for general formulae (A1) to (A3) can be expressed by the following general formulae, (A1a) to (A3c).

(In the formulae, A, B, C, Y^(a), and Y^(b) are the same as A, B, C, Y^(a), and Y^(b) in general formulae (A1) to (A3).)

The following compounds are more preferable.

The compounds represented by general formulae (B1) to (B3) are cyano-based p-type compounds.

In the formulae described above, R^(c) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, may be linear or have a methyl or ethyl branch, and may have a three- to six-membered ring structure; any —CH₂— present in the group may be substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, or —C≡C—; and any hydrogen atom present in the group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group. However, R^(c) preferably represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear 1-alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear 3-alkenyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms with a terminal substituted with an alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. When an asymmetric carbon is generated by branching, the compound may be optically active or racemic.

The ring D, the ring E, and the ring F each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, or a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, but preferably each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, or a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms. In particular, when the ring E represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, the ring D preferably represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; and when the ring F represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, the ring D and the ring E preferably represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group. In (B3), the ring A is preferably a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group.

L^(d), L^(e), and L^(f) are linking groups and each independently represent a single bond, an ethylene group (—CH₂CH₂—), a 1,2-propylene group (—CH(CH₃)CH₂— and —CH₂CH(CH₃)—), a 1,4-butylene group, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, or —CH═NN═CH—, preferably each independently represent a single bond, an ethylene group, —COO—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —CF═CF—, or —C≡C—, and more preferably each independently represent a single bond, an ethylene group, or —COO—. In (B2), at least one of these linking groups preferably represents a single bond, and in (B3), at least two of these linking groups preferably represent a single bond.

The ring Y is an aromatic ring and can be represented by general formulae (L^(d)) to (L^(f)) below:

In the formulae, Y^(k) to Y^(q) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; however, in (Le), Y^(m) preferably represents a fluorine atom.

The terminal group p^(b) represents a cyano group (—CN), a cyanato group (—OCN), or —C≡CCN, but preferably represents a cyano group.

When compounds represented by general formulae (B1) to (B3) are used in combination, the same alternatives (such as the ring D, L^(d), etc.) in different molecules may represent the same substituent or different substituents.

Furthermore, in general formulae (B1) to (B3), general formulae (i) and (ii) of the present invention are excluded.

The lower limit of the preferable contents of the compounds represented by general formula (B1) to (B3) relative to the total of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, or 30%. The upper limit of the preferable contents is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

When the viscosity of the composition of the present invention needs to be maintained low and when a composition having high response speed is necessary, the lower limit is preferably relatively low and the upper limit is preferably relatively high. When Tni of the composition of the present invention needs to be maintained high and when a composition less prone to image-sticking is necessary, the lower limit is preferably relatively low and the upper limit is preferably relatively high. When it is desirable to increase the dielectric anisotropy to maintain the drive voltage low, the lower limit is preferably relatively high and the upper limit is preferably relatively high.

More preferable embodiments for general formulae (B1) to (B3) can be expressed by the following general formulae, (B1a) to (B2c).

(In the formulae, A, B, Y^(k), and Y^(l) are the same as A, B, k, and Y¹ in general formulae (B1) to (B3).)

The following compounds are more preferable.

The compounds represented by general formulae (C1) to (C3) are non-polar compounds with dielectric anisotropy of about 0.

In the formulae described above, R^(d) and R^(e) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, may be linear or have a methyl or ethyl branch, and may have a three- to six-membered ring structure; any —CH₂-present in the group may be substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, or —C≡C—; and any hydrogen atom present in the group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group. However, R^(d) and R^(e) preferably represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear 1-alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear 3-alkenyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms with a terminal substituted with an alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and at least one of R^(d) and R^(e) preferably represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear 1-alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, or a linear 3-alkenyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms. When an asymmetric carbon is generated by branching, the compound may be optically active or racemic.

The ring G, the ring H, the ring I, and the ring J each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms or methyl groups, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, or a pyridine-2,5-diyl group. Each of these compounds preferably has one or less of a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, or a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, and other rings are preferably a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms or methyl groups.

L^(g), L^(h), and L^(i) are linking groups and each independently represent a single bond, an ethylene group (—CH₂CH₂—), a 1,2-propylene group (—CH(CH₃)CH₂— and —CH₂CH(CH₃)—), a 1,4-butylene group, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, or —CH═NN═CH—, and preferably each independently represent a single bond, an ethylene group, a 1,4-butylene group, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, or —CH═NN═CH—. In (C2), at least one of these linking groups preferably represents a single bond; and in (C3) at least two of these linking groups preferably represent a single bond.

When compounds represented by general formulae (C1) to (C3) are used in combination, the same alternatives (such as the ring G, L^(g), etc.) in different molecules may represent the same substituent or different substituents.

Furthermore, in general formulae (C1) to (C3), general formulae (A1) to (A3), (B1) to (B3), (i), and (ii) of the present invention are excluded.

The lower limit of the preferable contents of the compounds represented by general formula (C1) to (C3) relative to the total of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, or 30%. The upper limit of the preferable contents is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

When the viscosity of the composition of the present invention needs to be maintained low and when a composition having high response speed is necessary, the lower limit is preferably relatively low and the upper limit is preferably relatively high. When Tni of the composition of the present invention needs to be maintained high and when a composition less prone to image-sticking is necessary, the lower limit is preferably relatively high and the upper limit is preferably relatively high. When it is desirable to increase the dielectric anisotropy to maintain the drive voltage low, the lower limit is preferably relatively low and the upper limit is preferably relatively low.

More preferable embodiments for (C1) can be expressed by the following general formulae, (C1a) to (C1h).

In the formulae described above, R^(f) and R4 each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear 1-alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear 3-alkenyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms with a terminal substituted with an alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and at least one of R^(f) and R^(g) represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear 1-alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, or a linear 3-alkenyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms. However, when the rings G1 to G8 are aromatic rings, the corresponding R^(f) does not represent a 1-alkenyl group or an alkoxyl group, and when the rings H1 to H8 are aromatic rings, the corresponding R^(g) does not represent a 1-alkenyl group or an alkoxyl group.

The ring G1 and the ring H1 each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms or methyl groups, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, or a pyridine-2,5-diyl group. Each of these compounds preferably has one or less of a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, or a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, and, in such a case, other rings are a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms or methyl groups. The ring G2 and the ring H2 each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms or methyl groups, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, or a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms. Each of these compounds preferably has one or less of a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, or a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, and, in such a case, other rings are a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms or methyl groups. The ring G3 and the ring H3 each independently represent a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms or methyl groups, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, or a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms. Each of these compounds preferably has one or less of a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms or a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms.

The following compounds are more preferable.

More preferable embodiments for (C2) can be expressed by the following general formulae, (C2a) to (C2g).

In the formulae, the ring G1, the ring G2, the ring G3, the ring H1, the ring H2, and the ring H3 are the same as those described above, and the ring I1, the ring G1, the ring I2, the ring G2, and the ring I3 are each the same as the ring G3. Each of these compounds preferably has one or less of a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, a 1, 4-cyclohexenylene group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, or a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, and, in such a case, other rings are a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms or methyl groups.

The following compounds are more preferable.

Next, more preferable embodiments for (C3) can be expressed by the following general formulae, (C3a) to (C3f).

In the formulae, the ring G1, the ring G2, the ring H1, the ring H2, the ring I1, and the ring I2 are the same as those described above, and the ring J1, the ring G1, the ring J2, the ring G2, and the ring I3 are each the same as the ring G3. Each of these compounds preferably has one or less of a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, a 1, 4-cyclohexenylene group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, or a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, and, in such a case, other rings are a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms or methyl groups.

The following compounds are more preferable.

The lower limit of the preferable total content of the compounds represented by general formula (i), general formulae (A1) to (A3), general formulae (B1) to (B3), and general formulae (C1) to (C3) relative to the total of the composition of the present invention is 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. The preferable upper limit of the content is 100%, 99%, 98%, or 95%.

The lower limit of the preferable total content of the compounds represented by general formula (i), general formulae (A1) to (A3), general formulae (B1) to (B3), and general formulae (C1) to (C3) relative to the total of the composition of the present invention is 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. The preferable upper limit of the content is 100%, 99%, 98%, or 95%.

The lower limit of the preferable total content of the compounds represented by general formula (i), general formulae (Ala) to (A3c), general formulae (B1a) to (B2c), and general formulae (C1a) to (C3f) relative to the total of the composition of the present invention relative to the total of the composition of the present invention is 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. The preferable upper limit of the content is 100%, 99%, 98%, or 95%.

The composition of the present invention is preferably free of any compound that has a structure in which hetero atoms, such as oxygen atoms, are bonded to each other, such as a peroxide (—CO—OO—) structure, within the molecule.

When the reliability and the long-term stability of the composition are important, the content of the compound having a carbonyl group is preferably adjusted to 5% or less relative to the total mass of the composition, more preferably 3% or less, yet more preferably 1% or less, and most preferably substantially zero.

When the stability under UV irradiation is important, the content of the compounds having chlorine atoms as substituents is preferably adjusted to 15% or less relative to the total mass of the composition, more preferably 10% or less, yet more preferably 8% or less, still more preferably 5% or less, preferably 3% or less, and most preferably substantially zero.

The content of the compounds in which all of the ring structures within the molecule are six-membered rings is preferably high; and the content of the compounds in which all of the ring structures within the molecule are six-membered rings relative to the total mass of the composition is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and yet more preferably 95% or more, and most preferably the composition is substantially solely composed of compounds in which all of the ring structures within the molecule are six-membered rings.

In order to suppress deterioration of the composition by oxidation, the content of the compounds having cyclohexenylene groups as ring structures is preferably decreased; and the content of the compounds having cyclohexenylene groups relative to the total mass of the composition is preferably 10% or less, preferably 8% or less, more preferably 5% or less, preferably 3% or less, and yet more preferably substantially zero.

When improving the viscosity and improving Tni are important, the content of the compound having a 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diyl group, which may have a hydrogen atom substituted with a halogen, in the molecule is preferably decreased; and the content of the compounds having a 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diyl group in the molecule relative to the total mass of the composition is preferably 10% or less, preferably 8% or less, more preferably 5% or less, preferably 3% or less, and yet more preferably substantially zero.

In this description, substantially zero means that the substance is not contained but for the one contained unintentionally.

When a compound contained in the composition of the first embodiment of the present invention contains an alkenyl group in a side chain and the alkenyl group is bonded to cyclohexane, 2 to 5 carbon atoms are preferably contained in the alkenyl group. When the alkenyl group is bonded to benzene, 4 or 5 carbon atoms are preferably contained in the alkenyl group, and the unsaturated bond in the alkenyl group is preferably not directly bonded to benzene.

In order to enhance the stability of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention, an antioxidant is preferably added. Examples of the antioxidant include hydroquinone derivatives, nitrosoamine-based polymerization inhibitors, and hindered phenol-based antioxidants, and specific examples thereof include tert-butyl hydroquinone, methyl hydroquinone; “Q-1300” and “Q-1301” produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.; and “IRGANOX1010”, “IRGANOX1035”, “IRGANOX1076”, “IRGANOX1098”, “IRGANOX1135”, “IRGANOX1330”, “IRGANOX1425”, “IRGANOX1520”, “IRGANOX1726”, “IRGANOX245”, “IRGANOX259”, “IRGANOX3114”, “IRGANOX3790”, “IRGANOX5057”, and “IRGANOX565” produced by BASF.

The amount of the antioxidant added relative to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is preferably 0.01 to 2.0% by mass and more preferably 0.05 to 1.0% by mass.

In order to enhance the stability of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention, an UV absorber is preferably added. The UV absorber preferably has excellent UV absorption performance at a wavelength of 370 nm or less, and, from the viewpoint of good liquid crystal display properties, preferably has little absorption for visible light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more. More specific examples thereof include hindered phenol compounds, hydroxybenzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, salicylic acid ester compounds, benzophenone compounds, cyanoacrylate compounds, nickel complex salt compounds, and triazine compounds. The examples of the hindered phenol compounds include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, pentaerythrityl-tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], N,N′-hexamethylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamide), 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, and tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurate. Examples of the benzotriazole compounds include 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2,2-methylenebis(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol), (2,4-bis-(n-octylthio)-6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, triethylene glycol bis[3-(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], N,N′-hexamethylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnanide), 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, (2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-amylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and pentaerythrityl-tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate]; and TINUVIN 109, TINUVIN 171, TINUVIN 326, TINUVIN 327, TINUVIN 328, TINUVIN 770, TINUVIN 900, and TINUVIN 928 produced by BASF Japan, and KEMISORB 71, KEMISORB 73, and KEMISORB 74 produced by CHEMIPRO KASEI KAISHA LTD., are also suitable for use.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will now be described in further details by way of examples below which do not limit the present invention. Furthermore, in the description below, “%” used for compositions of examples and comparative examples means “% by mass”.

In the examples, the properties measured were as follows.

TNI: nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature

T→N: phase transition temperature at which a nematic phase was generated

Δn: refractive index anisotropy at 298 K

no:

Δ∈: dielectric anisotropy at 298 K

∈⊥:

γ₁: rotational viscosity at 298 K

Vth: a voltage at which the transmittance changed 10% at 298 K under crossed Nicol polarizers when the liquid crystal was sealed into a TN cell having a thickness of 8.5 microns

VHR: voltage holding ratio (%) at 333 K under a frequency of 60 Hz and a voltage of 5 V

VHR after heat resistance test: a test element group (TEG) for electrooptical property evaluation in which composition samples were sealed in was retained in a 130° C. thermostat for 1 hour and then the measurement was conducted by the same method for measuring the VHR described above.

Current Value:

The liquid crystal composition was vacuum-injected into a TN liquid crystal cell (cell gap: 8.3 μm), and sealed with an UV curable resin (Three Bond 3026 produced by ThreeBond Holdings Co., Ltd.) to prepare a liquid crystal cell.

Immediately after completion of preparation of the liquid crystal cell, the current was measured from a sample, and this sample was assumed to be an initial sample (hereinafter referred to as Initial).

A sample of a liquid crystal cell irradiated with UV for 16 hours by using Suntest (produced by Original Hanau) was assumed to be an UV-irradiated sample (hereinafter referred to as UV).

A sample of a liquid crystal cell heated at 80° C. for 350 hours in an oven was assumed to be a heated sample (hereinafter referred to as Heated).

The current value was measured with a circuit illustrated in FIG. 1 by observing a voltage waveform at both ends of a 50 KΩ resistor in the circuit while square waves (Vap=2.5 V) were applied to the prepared liquid crystal cell. From the observed voltage waveform (FIG. 2), Vr (mV) was measured, and the current value was calculated from Vr and a liquid crystal cell electrode area: W (cm²) by the following equation:

Ir (μA/cm 2)=Vr/(50×W)  [Math. 1]

During this process, three liquid crystal cells were prepared under respective conditions, the current values thereof were measured, and the current values of the three cells were averaged so that the average was used as an indicator of reliability in the panels.

Image-Sticking:

Image-sticking of the liquid crystal display device was evaluated by measuring the testing time that took the afterimage of a fixed pattern uniformly displayed in all parts of the screen to reach the unacceptable level after the fixed pattern was displayed for a particular testing time in the display area.

1) The testing time referred here is the length of time the fixed pattern was displayed, and a long testing time indicates suppression of afterimage and indicates high performance. 2) The unacceptable level is a level at which the afterimage enough to make a product fail in the shipping fail/pass test was observed.

Example

Sample A: 1000 hours Sample B: 500 hours Sample C: 200 hours Sample D: 100 hours The performance is in the order of A>B>C>D.

Drop Marks:

Drop marks of the liquid crystal display device were evaluated through the following five-grade evaluation by visually observing drop marks that appear white in an entirely black display.

5: No drop marks (excellent)

4: Drop marks were slightly observed but were at acceptable level (good)

3: Drop marks were slightly observed and were at the pass/fail borderline level (pass under some conditions)

2: Drop marks were observed and were at unacceptable level (fail)

1: Drop marks were observed and the quality was poor (poor)

Process Compatibility:

The process compatibility was evaluated through an ODF process by dropping the liquid crystal 50 pL at a time using a constant volume measurement pump and measuring the total mass of the liquid crystal dropped in every 100 times of dropping, a total in 0 to 100th dropping operations, 101st to 200th dropping operations, 201st to 300th dropping operations, and so on. The number of times dropping was conducted until the variation in mass was so large that the ODF process could no longer be carried out was used as the basis for evaluation.

A large number of times of dropping means that the liquid crystal can be stably dropped over a long period of time and that the process compatibility is high.

Example

Sample A: 95000 times Sample B: 40000 times Sample C: 100000 times Sample D: 10000 times The performance is in the order of C>A>B>D.

Low-Temperature Storage Property:

Low-temperature storage property was evaluated by weighing 0.5 g of a prepared composition into a 1 mL sample jar, storing the jar with the weighed composition in a −25° C. temperature control test vessel for 240 hours, and observing occurrence of precipitates from the composition by naked eye. The testing time taken until precipitates were observed was measured. The longer the testing time until occurrence of precipitation, the better the low-temperature storage property.

Volatility/Production Facility Contamination Property:

Volatility of the liquid crystal material was evaluated by visually observing foaming of the liquid crystal material while monitoring the operation state of a vacuum stirring defoaming mixer with a stroboscope. Specifically, 0.8 kg of the composition was placed in a 2.0 L special container of a vacuum stirring defoaming mixer, and the vacuum stirring defoaming mixer was driven at a revolution velocity of 15 S-1 and a rotating velocity of 7.5 S-1 under evacuation of 4 kPa. The time taken until foaming began was measured. The longer the time until foaming began, the lower the volatility and the lower the possibility of production facility contamination, indicating high performance.

Example

Sample A: 200 seconds Sample B: 45 seconds Sample C: 60 seconds Sample D: 15 seconds The performance is in the order of A>C>B>D. In the examples, following abbreviations are used to describe compounds.

(Ring Structure)

A trans isomer is indicated unless otherwise noted.

(Side Chain Structure and Linking Structure)

TABLE 1 Substituents and Notations in linking groups the the formula notations represent 1- CH₃— 2- C₂H₅— 3- n-C₃H₇— 4- n-C₄H₉— 5- n-C₅H₁₁— V— CH₂═CH— V2- CH₂═CH—CH₂—CH₂— 1V2- CH₃—CH═CH—CH₂—CH₂— -1 —CH₃ -2 —C₂H₅ -3 -n-C₃H₇ —O2 —OC₂H₅ —V0 —CH═CH₂ —V1 —CH═CH—CH₃ -2V —CH₂—CH₂—CH═CH₂ —F —F —OCF3 —OCF₃ —CN —CN — Single bond -E- —COO— —CH2CH2— —CH₂CH₂— —CFFO— —CF₂O— -T- —C≡C— —O1- —OCH₂—

Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3

A second panel was prepared by using the liquid crystal composition and the composition of the present invention, an epoxy polymerizable composition was applied thereto, the second panel was superimposed on a first panel separately prepared, and UV light was applied from the second panel side so as to prepare a liquid crystal display device. Physical property values thereof were measured.

It was found that, compared with the composition of Example 1, the composition of Comparative Example 1 that did not contain a compound represented by formula (i) had an increased γ1 value. It was found that, compared with the composition of Example 1, the composition of Comparative Example 2 that did not contain a compound represented by general formula (ii) had a degraded Δ∈ value. The results of the low-temperature storage test indicated that the compositions of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 had poor low-temperature storage properties compared to the compositions of the present invention.

TABLE 2 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 3-Cy-Cy-V 5-Cy-Cy-V 19.5 20 3-Cy-Ph—O2 3 4-Ph-T-Ph—O2 3 3 3 V-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 10 12 11 8 10 10 V2-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 12 15 14 10 13 11 3-Cy-Ph-T-Ph-2 3 3 3 4-Cy-Ph-T-Ph-1 3 3 3 2-Ph—Ph2—Ph—2V 3-Cy-Cy-COO—Ph-Cy-3 3 3 3-Cy-Cy-COO—Ph-Cy-4 2 5-Ph—Ph—CN 11.5 24 26 7 24 26 3-Cy-Ph3—CN 10 6 6 10 6 6 1V-Cy-Ph2—CN 2 2 3-Cy-Ph—CN 9 5 6 13 5 6 V-Cy-Cy-Ph2—F 10 10 10 10 10 10 3-Cy-Cy-Ph2—F 10 5 10 5 3-Ph—Ph3—CF2O—Ph3—F 3-Ph—Ph2—Ph—CN 18 15 13 10 2-Cy-Cy-Ph—Ph2—F 3 2 3 2 3-Cy-Cy-Ph—Ph2—F 3 3 3 3 4-Cy-Cy-Ph—Ph2—F 2 2 2 2 3-Cy-Ph—Ph2—Ph3—OCF3 3-Ph—Ph2—Ph3—CF2O—Ph3—F 4-Ph—Ph2—Ph3—CF2O—Ph3—F 5-Ph—Ph2—Ph3—CF2O—Ph3—F 2-Py—Ph—Ph3—CF2O—Ph3—F 3-Py—Ph—Ph3—CF2O—Ph3—F 4-Dy—Ph—Ph2—Ph3—F T_(NI)/° C. 91.2 103.3 107.2 92.1 100.2 103.9 Δn 0.111 0.176 0.176 0.1204 0.1762 0.1762 n_(o) 1.492 1.508 1.509 1.492 1.508 1.509 Δε 12.5 13.1 13.4 13.1 12.7 12.9 ε⊥ 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 γ1/mPa · s 169 174 179 165 171 173 Current value (Initial)/μA 0.0263 0.0392 0.0361 0.0448 0.0452 0.0451 Current value (after UV)/μA 0.0983 0.1463 0.1382 0.2422 0.2481 0.2461

Examples 4 and 5 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5

Similarly, comparison described below was performed.

TABLE 3 Comparative Comparative Example 4 Example 5 Example 4 Example 5 3-Cy-Cy-V 48 48 48 48 5-Cy-Cy-V 3-Cy-Ph—O2 4-Ph-T-Ph—O2 2 2 V-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 15 15 12 12 V2-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 3-Cy-Ph-T-Ph-2 3 3 4-Cy-Ph-T-Ph-1 2-Ph—Ph2—Ph—2V 2 2 3-Cy-Cy-COO—Ph-Cy-3 3-Cy-Cy-COO—Ph-Cy-4 5-Ph—Ph—CN 3-Cy-Ph3—CN 1V-Cy-Ph2—CN 3-Cy-Ph—CN V-Cy-Cy-Ph2—F 3-Cy-Cy-Ph2—F 3-Ph—Ph3—CF2O—Ph3—F 8 8 8 8 3-Ph—Ph2—Ph—CN 2-Cy-Cy-Ph—Ph2—F 3-Cy-Cy-Ph—Ph2—F 4-Cy-Cy-Ph—Ph2—F 3-Cy-Ph—Ph2—Ph3—OCF3 4 4 4 4 3-Ph—Ph2—Ph3—CF2O—Ph3—F 4 4 4 4 4-Ph—Ph2—Ph3—CF2O—Ph3—F 7 7 7 7 5-Ph—Ph2—Ph3—CF2O—Ph3—F 2 2 2-Py—Ph—Ph3—CF2O—Ph3—F 5 5 5 5 3-Py—Ph—Ph3—CF2O—Ph3—F 5 5 5 5 4-Dy—Ph—Ph2—Ph3—F 2 2 T_(NI)/° C. 80.9 80.7 80.9 80.7 Δn 0.112 0.110 0.117 0.115 n_(o) 1.483 1.482 1.483 1.482 Δε 10.8 10.4 10.8 10.4 ε⊥ 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 γ1/mPa · s 87 59 83 55 Current value (Initial)/μA 0.0102 0.0125 0.0208 0.0236 Current value (after UV)/μA 0.0248 0.0251 0.2037 0.2159

As a result, it was formed that the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can switch display between 2D and 3D. 

1. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first panel including a liquid crystal layer and a color filter, a second panel including a liquid crystal layer, and a polymer disposed between the first and second panels.
 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is a polymer cured by irradiating a polymerizable composition with an energy ray.
 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer of the second panel contains one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (i):

(in the formula, R^(i1) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and one —CH₂— or two or more non-adjacent —CH₂— in the alkyl group may each independently be substituted with —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—, R^(i2) represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a fluoromethoxy group, a difluoromethoxy group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and one —CH₂— or two or more non-adjacent —CH₂— in the alkyl group may be each independently substituted with —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—, n^(i1) and n^(i2) each independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and n^(i1)+n^(i2) is 0, 1, 2, or 3, A^(i1) and A^(i2) each independently represent a group selected from the group consisting of: (a) a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (one —CH₂— or two or more non-adjacent —CH₂— present in this group may each be substituted with —O— or —S—) and (b) a 1,4-phenylene group (one —CH═ or two or more non-adjacent —CH═ present in this group may each be substituted with —N═) where hydrogen atoms on the group (a) and the group (b) may each independently be substituted with a cyano group, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom, Z^(i1) and Z^(i2) each independently represent a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —COO—, or —OCO—, when n^(i1) represents 2, 3, or 4 and there are a plurality of A^(i1), they may be the same or different; when n^(i1) represents 2 or 3 and there are a plurality of Z^(i1), they may be the same or different; when n^(i2) represents 2, 3, or 4 and there are a plurality of A^(i2), they may be the same or different; and when n^(i2) represents 2, 3, or 4 and there are a plurality of Z^(i2), they may be the same or different, and X^(i1) to X^(i8) each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, or a fluorine atom.)
 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (i-1) are contained as the compound represented by general formula (i):

(in the formula, R^(i1), R^(i2), n^(i1), A^(i1), A^(i2), Z^(i1), Z^(i2), and X^(i1) to X^(i8) are the same as R^(i1), R^(i2), n^(i1), A^(i1), A^(i2), Z^(i1), Z^(i2), and X^(i1) to X^(i8) in general formula (i), X^(i9) to X^(i12) are each independently the same as X^(i1) in general formula (i), and n^(i3) represents 0, 1, 2, or 3, and n^(i1)+n^(i3) is 0, 1, or 2.)
 5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer of the first panel further contains one or two or more compounds represented by general formulae (A1) to (A3):

(in the formulae, R^(b) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, may be linear or have a methyl or ethyl branch, and may have a three- to six-membered ring structure; any —CH₂— present in the group may be substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, or —C≡C—; any hydrogen atom present in the group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group; and when an asymmetric carbon is generated by branching, the compound may be optically active or racemic, the ring A, the ring B, and the ring C each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, or a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, L^(a), L^(b), and L^(c) each independently represent a single bond, an ethylene group (—CH₂CH₂—), a 1,2-propylene group (—CH(CH₃)CH₂— and —CH₂CH(CH₃)—), a 1,4-butylene group, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, or —CH═NN═CH—, the ring Z represents a substituent represented by general formulae (La) to (Lc):

(in the formulae, Y^(a) to Y_(j) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, P^(a) represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a trifluoromethoxy group, a difluoromethoxy group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a difluoromethyl group, or an alkoxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, or alkenyloxy group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms and substituted with two or more fluorine atoms, when compounds represented by general formulae (A1) to (A3) are used in combination, the same alternatives (such as the ring A, L^(a), etc.) in different molecules may represent the same substituent or different substituents, and in general formulae (A1) to (A3), general formula (i) of the present invention is excluded.)
 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer of the first panel further contains one or two or more compounds represented by general formulae (B1) to (B3):

(in the formulae, R^(c) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, may be linear or have a methyl or ethyl branch, and may have a three- to six-membered ring structure; any —CH₂— present in the group may be substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, or —C≡C—; any hydrogen atom present in the group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group; and when an asymmetric carbon is generated by branching, the compound may be optically active or racemic, the ring D, the ring E, and the ring F each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, or a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, L^(d), L^(e), and L^(f) each independently represent a single bond, an ethylene group (—CH₂CH₂—), a 1,2-propylene group (—CH(CH₃)CH₂— and —CH₂CH(CH₃)—), a 1,4-butylene group, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, or —CH═NN═CH—, the ring Y is an aromatic ring and represents a substituent represented by general formulae (L^(d)) to (L^(f)) below:

(in the formulae, Y^(k) to Y^(q) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, the terminal group P^(b) represents a cyano group (—CN), a cyanato group (—OCN), or —C≡CCN, when compounds represented by general formulae (B1) to (B3) are used in combination, the same alternatives (such as the ring D, L^(d), etc.) in different molecules may represent the same substituent or different substituents, and in general formulae (B1) to (B3), general formula (i) of the present invention is excluded.)
 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer of the first panel further contains one or two or more compounds represented by general formulae (C1) to (C3):

(in the formulae, R^(d) and P^(e) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, may be linear or have a methyl or ethyl branch, and may have a three- to six-membered ring structure; any —CH— present in the group may be substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, or —C≡C—; and any hydrogen atom present in the group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group, the ring G, the ring H, and the ring I, and the ring J each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a trans-decahydronaphthalene-trans-2,6-diyl group, a 1,4-phenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms or methyl groups, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group which may be substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, a 1,3-dioxane-trans-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, or a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, L^(g), L^(h), and L^(i) each independently represent a single bond, an ethylene group (—CH₂CH₂—), a 1,2-propylene group (—CH(CH₃)CH₂— and —CH₂CH(CH₃)—), a 1,4-butylene group, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, or —CH═NN═CH—, when compounds represented by general formulae (C1) to (C3) are used in combination, the same alternatives (such as the ring G, L^(g), etc.) in different molecules may represent the same substituent or different substituents, and in general formulae (C1) to (C3), general formulae (A1) to (A3), (B1) to (B3), and (i) of the present invention are excluded.) 